喷孔位置对船用天然气发动机燃烧及排放影响的模拟研究

为了探究天然气与柴油喷孔位置对天然气发动机燃烧和排放的影响,基于L23/30天然气发动机,建立了柴油引燃天然气的发动机模型,利用CONVERGE软件对燃烧过程和排放进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明：由于天然气与柴油喷孔位置变化的影响,会导致柴油引燃天然气在空间的变化,因此对发动机的燃烧和排放造成了影响,通过对比不同喷嘴间的距离和不同喷嘴分布的设计方案得出,采用中心对称设计时获得了较好的燃烧和排放性能。     

某空压机共振故障的诊断与处理

船用设备共振状态的判断对故障诊断与处理十分重要。某空压机横向振动剧烈,为判断其是否处于共振状态,文章首先通过敲击法获得强噪声背景下的冲击响应信号,采取分时段频谱分析的方法粗略估计固有频率。然后,分别采用带通滤波和小波降噪的方法处理含噪信号,确定了系统横向一阶和二阶固有频率。其中,二阶固有频率与转频接近,从而导致共振故障。最后,采取更换隔振器的处理措施,系统横向固有频率增大70%,振动降低54.6%。     

第三轨供电系统中受流器与第三轨的接触压力及其对受流性能的影响分析

介绍了第三轨受流器的结构原理。分析比较了弹簧式和气压式受流器与第三轨接触压力调节方式的特点。基于电接触基本理论详细的阐述了受流滑板与第三轨接触区的导电机理。接触区域的导电电路由无数微小的电阻及电容并联而成,接触压力通过影响微小电阻、电容的数量比例,进而影响接触面上的导电能力和磨损性能。标称静态接触压力的设计值接近或等于"法向压应力临界值"时,导电能力和磨损特性取得均衡。     

复杂城市环境泥水盾构泥浆绿色处理技术分析

泥水平衡盾构法修建隧道,在施工阶段会产生大量的废浆,如果废浆没有得到科学、妥善的处理,对环境的污染是无法估计的。本文以新建京张高铁清华园隧道工程为依托,结合在城市复杂繁华地区施工场地狭小、泥浆处理难度大等工程难题,对盾构掘进产生的废弃泥浆绿色处理技术进行了适应性研究,分析了综合处理之后泥浆循环利用的应用效果。泥水处理设备、压滤设备及离心设备相结合的泥浆综合处理技术,有效地实现了盾构施工"零排放",为今后类似施工条件的工程提供了技术参考。     

柴油机增压器包覆层隔声性能试验分析及优化设计

提出一种船用增压器的包覆层结构,其内层为绝热材料和吸声材料,外层为金属薄片。采用统计能量法(SEA)建立该结构的中高频段隔声数值模型,开展包覆层的隔声试验,隔声量实测值与仿真结果吻合较好,能验证数值建模的有效性。对包覆层的吸声材料的厚度、密度和流阻等参数进行优化设计,利用正交试验法设计数值试验组,采用极差和方差分析法分析影响材料隔声性能的关键因素,得出最重要的影响因素是材料厚度,在选型设计中还应考虑密度和流阻因素。当安装厚度受限时,可通过改变密度和流阻值来提高材料的隔声量。     

燃气调压器声发射信号特征与流量关系分析

文中提取燃气调压器声发射信号的标准差、峭度这两个时域特征及重心频率、均方根频率这两个频域特征,分析特征与流量的对应关系,使用相关系数进行评价。基于北京某调压站采集的声发射信号及流量数据,实验结果表明,流量与标准差、峭度、重心频率、均方根频率的相关系数分别为0.8192、0.2889、0.7745、0.641。可见标准差、重心频率及均方根频率与流量相关性较强,峭度与流量相关性较弱。     

全断面富水砂层浅埋盾构隧道下穿平房群施工参数研究

盾构在富水砂层中掘进时,容易出现喷涌、地表沉降大、流砂等现象,给掘进施工带来很多问题和困难,尤其是在全断面富水砂层中掘进时,如何控制盾构施工参数显得极其重要。文章结合广州地铁21号线水西站—长平站盾构区间隧道工程实例,考虑了工程实践中盾构穿越全断面富水砂层且下穿薄弱基础的水西村民房建筑的情况,进行了盾构施工措施及试验段掘进参数分析,确定了盾构下穿水西村民房建筑的施工参数。监测结果表明:参数实际控制值与分析拟定值接近,地表沉降可以控制在5 mm内,房屋沉降可以控制在10 mm内,验证了参数选取的正确性。盾构在全断面富水砂层中下穿平房群时,实际土舱压力高于静止土压力,同步注浆量不低于1.6倍的理论值,提高土压力和推力可以有效降低平房群的沉降值。     

Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

封堵三通卡球原因分析及封堵设备改进设计

文中简述了某天然气管道A站-B站段内检测通球过程中封堵三通处出现的卡堵问题,结合通球、封堵等工程实践,对卡球原因进行了分析,发现了塞堵的设计缺陷,通过理论计算提出了塞堵的优化设计,解决了塞堵无旋转限位的问题,并对优化设计后期实践应用可能存在的问题提出了解决办法,对天然气管道带压封堵、通球,提高输气效率等具有参考意义。     

Optimal bus fleet management strategy for emissions reduction

Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management.